مواد با دسترسی محدود (RAMs): نوع، سازوکار و کاربرد
الموضوعات :
1 - گروه شيمي
الکلمات المفتاحية: حذف پروتئین, مواد با دسترسی محدود بر پایه‌ی پلیمر, مواد با دسترسی محدود بر پایه‌ی سیلیکا, مواد با دسترسی محدود بر پایه‌ی نانولوله¬, های کربنی, مواد با دسترسی محدود بر پایه‌ی حلّال‌های فراذره‌ای.,
ملخص المقالة :
با وجود پیشرفت در ساخت دستگاه های مشخصه یابی، اندازه‌گیری غلظت‌های کم مواد در محیط های پیچیده به خصوص سیالات زیستی مانند خون، پلاسما، بزاق ، شیر و...، کاری سخت وچالش برانگیز است. در حین آماده سازی این نمونه ها، نه تنها لازم است ترکیبات مزاحم از محیط حذف شوند، بلکه باید مواد مورد نظر در حین این فرایند از دست نرفته و حتی امکان تغلیظ نیز وجود داشته باشد. از این رو در تحلیل مقادیر بسیار کم مواد، مراحل آماده‌سازی نمونه بیش ازپیش، اهمیت پیدا می کند. یکی از پرکاربردترین روش های آماده سازی نمونه، استخراج فاز جامد (SPE) با جاذب های پلیمری است که در صورت ادغام با مرحله ی حذف پروتئین، که به طور معمول برای نمونه های زیستی باید اجرا شود، منجر به کاهش خطا و افزایش سرعت روش پیشنهادی می شود. از جاذب های مناسب در روش SPE می توان به پلیمرهای قالب مولکولی و مواد با دسترسی محدود (RAM) اشاره کرد. تاکنون، انواع مختلفی از RAMهای پلیمری، سیلیکایی یا RAMهای اصلاح‌شده با نانولوله های کربنی، تولید شده و به‌صورت تجاری درآمدند. استفاده از RAMها درعین سهولت در آماده‌سازی نمونه‌های پیچیده، بازده بالایی نیز دارد. حضور گروه‌های آبدوست و از طرفی منافذ کوچک سبب افزایش کارایی این دسته از مواد می‌شود.
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