اثربخشی مداخلة پیشگیرانة اولیه بر عامل‌های خطر/مراقبتیِ رفتار مصرف مواد در نوجوانان: یک کارآزمایی کنترل شدة تصادفی

ملخص المقالة :

چکیده

هدف این پژوهش بررسی اثربخشی مداخلة پیشگیرانة اولیه بر عامل‌های خطر/مراقبتیِ رفتار مصرف مواد در نوجوانان بود. در این پژوهشِ تمام‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل همراه با پیگیری 3 ماهه، از جامعة آماری نوجوانان دور اول متوسطه و والدین آنها در منطقة 19 آموزش پرورش شهر تهران، تعداد 60 نوجوان انتخاب و به روش کاملاً تصادفی در گروه‌های آزمایشی (هر گروه 20 مشارکت­کننده)، تخصیص یافتند. مشارکت­کنندگان قبل و بعد از مداخلات آموزشی به پرسشنامة سرمایة اجتماعی برای دانش‌آموزان نوجوان (پایوا و همکاران، 2014) و زمینه‌یاب جوامع مراقبت‌گرِ نوجوان (آرتور و همکاران، 2002) پاسخ دادند. نوجوانانِ گروه‌های آزمایشی، از طریقِ 10 جلسة هفتگی، پروتکل‌های مداخله‌ای پیشگیرانة اولیة معطوف بر رفتار جستجوی مواد و والدین نیز در یکی از گروه‌های آزمایشی، مداخله‌ای آموزشیِ مشتمل بر 3 جلسه را دریافت کردند. یافته های حاصل از طرح تحلیل واریانس عاملی آمیخته نشان داد که مداخلة پیشگیرانة اولیه بر کاهش عامل‌های خطر و افزایش عامل‌های مراقبتی رفتار مصرف مواد در نوجوانان موثر بوده است. نتایج این پژوهش ضمن دفاع از آموزه‌های منتج از مدل تحول اجتماعی، به مثابة نظامی چندوجهی‌نگر و پوشانندة مواضعِ رویکرد نفوذ اجتماعی و رویکرد افزایش شایستگی در بافتار مداخلات پیشگیرانة معطوف بر رفتار مصرف مواد در نوجوانان، مصونیت آنها در قبال رفتار جستجوی مواد را افزایش داده و بطور همزمان جمیعِ زمینه‌سازهای رفتاری را متاثر می­سازد.

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