Work-Related Demands, Goal Engagement Control Strategies, and Positive Affect Component of Subjective Well-Being
Subject Areas : psychology
1 - University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
Keywords: work-related demands, goal engagement, control strategies, positive affect,
Abstract :
The current research focused on the effects of work-related demands from change in industry structures because of downsizing. Because of change situation, personnel career would be more difficult to plan.This uncertainty will disrupt their positive affect. The aim of the current research was to investigate these relations, also whether one important individual difference variable, namely goal engagement control strategy, buffered against this disruption. Participants were 715 personnel of one industrial company who were selected randomly and responded to research instruments, namely Perceived Work-Related Demands, Control strategies, and Positive Affect Scales. Findings indicated that employed respondents showed lower positive affect if they reported higher level of work-related demands, and goal engagement induced positive affect. However, it could not buffer the effects of perceived work-related demands on positive affect.
References:
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گال، مردیت، بورگ، والتر و گال، جویس (1384). روش¬های تحقیق کمّی و کیفی در علوم تربیتی و روان¬شناسی (ترجمه احمدرضا نصر و همکاران). تهران: ذره. (تاریخ انتشار به زبان اصلی 1996).
راث¬ول، ويليام جی (1384). برنامه¬ريزی جانشينی موثر: حصول اطمينان از تداوم رهبری و پرورش استعدادها از درون سازمان (ترجمه احمدرضا حراف). تهران: شرکت ملی پتروشيمی ايران. (تاریخ انتشار به زبان اصلی2006).
عریضی، حمیدرضا؛ ناصری، علی، و عسگری، آزاده (1389). نقش عاطفه مثبت در رابطه ميان عاطفه منفی با درد و استرس در زنان شاغل. مجله علمی ـ پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، 20، 63-55.
Akerboom, S., & Maes, S. (2006). Beyond demand and control: The contribution of organizational risk factors in assessing the psychological well-being of health care employees. Work and Stress, 20, 21-36.
Arbuckle, J. L. (2005). Amos 6.0 User’s Guide. Chicago: SPSS, Inc.
Argyle, M. (2001). The Psychology of Happiness. New York: Taylor & Francis.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588- 606.
Beham, B., Drobnic, S., & Präg, P. (2011). Work demands and resources and the work–family interface: Testing a salience model on German service sector employees. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 78, 110-122.
Benach, J., & Muntaner, C. (2007). Precarious employment and health: Developing a research agenda. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 61, 276-277.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606.
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen and J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp.136-162). Newby Park, CA: Sage.
Cascio, W. F. (1993). Downsizing: What do we know? What have we learned. Academy of Management Executive, 7, 95-104.
Casio, W. F., & Aguinis, H. (2005). Applied psychology in human resource management (sixth edition). NJ: Prentice Hall.
Chang, E. S., Chen, C., Greenberger, E., Dooley, D., & Heckhausen J. (2006). What do they want in life? The life goals of a multi-ethnic, multi-generational sample of highschool seniors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35, 321-332.
Clark, A., Knabe, A., & Rätzel, S. (2010). Boon or bane? Others' unemployment,
well-being and job insecurity. Labour Economics, 17, 52-61.
Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. (2003). Applied multiple regression correlation analysis for behavior sciences (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Cohen, P. (2007). Power analysis for behavioral sciences (fifth Ed). New York and Londin: Academic Press.
De Witte, H. (2005). Job insecurity: eview of the international literature on definitions, prevalence, antecedents and consequences: SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 31, 1-6.
Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2002). Subjective well-being: The
science of happiness and life satisfaction. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Ed.s), Handbook of positive psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Diener, E. D., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276-302.
Green, F. (2011). Unpacking the misery multiplier: How employability modifies the impacts of unemployment and job insecurity on life satisfaction and mental health. Journal of Health Economics, 30, 265-276.
Haase, C. M., Heckhausen, J., & Köller, O. (2011). Goal engagement during the school-to-work transition: Beneficial for all, particularly for girls. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 18, 671-698.
Haase, C.M., Heckhausen, J., Köller, O. (2009). Goal engagement in the school-to-work transition: Beneficial for all, particularly for girls. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 17, 671-698.
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the Job Diagnostic Survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 159-170.
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1980). Work redesign. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Heckhausen, J. (2000).Evolutionary perspectives on human motivation. American Behavioral Scientist, 43, 1015-1029.
Heckhausen, J., & Schulz, R. (1995). A life span theory of control. Psychological
Review, 102, 284-304.
Heckhausen, J. (1997). Developmental regulation across adulthood: Primary and secondary control of age-related challenges. Developmental Psychology, 33, 176-187.
Heckhausen, J. (1999). Developmental regulation in adulthood: Age-normative and sociostructural constraints as adaptive challenges. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Heckhausen, J., & Schulz, R. (1999). The primacy of primary control is a human universal: A reply to Gould`s (1999) critique of life-span theory of control. Psychological Review, 106, 605-609.
Karasek, R., Kawakami N., Brisson, C., Houtman, I. L. D., Bongers, P. M., & Amick, B. (1998). The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ): An instrument for internationally comparative assessments of psychosocial job characteristics, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 3, 322-355.
Kempen, G. I. J. M., Ranchor, A. V., Ormel, J., Van Sonderen, E., Van Jaarsveld, C. H. M., & Sanderman, R. (2005). Perceived control and long-term changes in disability in late middle-aged and older persons: An eight-year follow-up study. Psychology and Health, 20, 193-206.
Klehe, U. C., Zikic, J., Van Vianen, A. E. M. & De Pater, I. E. (2011). Career adaptability, turnover and loyalty during organizational downsizing. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79, 217-229.
Korner, A., Reitzle, M., & Silbereisen, R. K. (2011). Work-related demands and life satisfaction: The effects of engagement and disengagement among employed and long-term unemployed people. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80, 187-196.
Korner, A., Silbereisen, R. K., & Canter, U. (2012). Work-related demands emanating from social change and their relation to trait-like and occasion specific aspect of subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, 110, 326-337.
Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Pychology, 28, 563-575.
Parkes, R. (1990). Coping, negative affectivity, and the work environment; Additive and interactive predictors of mental health. The Journal of
Applied Psychology, 75, 399-409.
Pinquart, M., Silbereisen, R. K., & Körner, A. (2009). A perceived work-related demands associated with social change, control strategies, and psychological well-being. European Psychologist, 14, 207-209.
Pomaki, G., Karoly, P., & Maes, S. (2009).Linking goal progress to subjective well-being at work: The moderating role of goal-related self-efficacy and attainability. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14, 206-18.
Roeser, R. W., Strobel, K. R. & Quihuis, G. (2002). Studying early adolescents' academic motivation, social-emotional functioning, and engagement in learning: Variable- and person-centered approaches.
Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 15, 345-368.
Ron, P. (2008). Relations between work stressors and well-being among nursing assistants in nursing homes. Aging Clinical Experimental Research, 20, 359-67.
Ryan, M. R., & Deci, E. L. (2000).Self-determination theory and the facilitation intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.
Salmela-Aro, K., & Nurmi, J. E. (2004). Employees' motivational orientation and well-being at work: A person-oriented approach. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17, 471-489.
Schmits, L. (2006). A tool for cluster development: An Edmonton Manufacturing Cluster Development Case Study, 2nd edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Silbereisen, R. K., Pinquort, M., Reitzel, M., Tomasik, M. J., Fabel, K., & Grumer, S. (2006). Psychological resource and coping with change. Mitteilungendes SFB, 580, 1-27.
Souza, M. D, Mussap, A. J., & Cummins R. A. ( 2010).Primary and secondary control over eating behaviors. Eating Behaviors, 11, 223-230.
Spreitzer, G. M., & Mishra, A. K. (2002). To stay or to go: Voluntary survivor turnover following an organizational downsizing. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 707-729.
Tuominen-Soini, H., Salmela-Aro, K., & Niemivirta, M. (2008). Achievement goal orientations and subjective well-being: A person-
centred analysis. Learning and Instruction, 18, 251-266.
Van der Hulst, M., Van Veldhoven, M., & Beckers, D. (2006). Overtime and need for recovery in relation to job demands and job control. Journal of Occupational Health, 48, 11-19.
Vanroelen, C., Levecque, K., Moors, G., Gadeyne, S., & Louckx, F. (2009). The structuring of occupational stressors in a Post-Fordist work environment: Moving beyond traditional accounts of demand, control, and support. Social Science and Medicine, 68, 1082-1090.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS
scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.
Wrosch, C., Heckhausen, J. (1999). Control process before and after passing a developmental deadline: Activation and deactivation of intimate relationship goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 415-427.
Wrosch, C., Schulz, R., & Heckhausen, J. (2004). Health stresses and depressive symptomatology in the elderly: control-process approach. American Psychological Society, 13, 17-20.
Wrosch, C., Scheier, M. F., Miller, G. E., Schulz, R., & Carver, C. S. (2003). Adaptive self-regulation of unattainable goals: Goal disengagement, goal reengagement, and subjective well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 1494-1508.
Wrosch, C., Schulz, R., & Heckhausen, J. (2002). Health stresses and depressive symptomatology in the elderly: The importance of health engagement control strategies. Health Psychology, 21, 340-348.
بيانی، علیاصغر، گودرزی، حسنيه، و محمدکوچکی، عاشور (1388). رابطۀ ابعاد بهزيستی روانشناختی و سلامت عمومی در دانشجويان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد آزاد شهر (86 ـ 1385). دانش و پژوهش در روانشناسی، 35 و 36، 164-153.
گال، مردیت، بورگ، والتر و گال، جویس (1384). روش¬های تحقیق کمّی و کیفی در علوم تربیتی و روان¬شناسی (ترجمه احمدرضا نصر و همکاران). تهران: ذره. (تاریخ انتشار به زبان اصلی 1996).
راث¬ول، ويليام جی (1384). برنامه¬ريزی جانشينی موثر: حصول اطمينان از تداوم رهبری و پرورش استعدادها از درون سازمان (ترجمه احمدرضا حراف). تهران: شرکت ملی پتروشيمی ايران. (تاریخ انتشار به زبان اصلی2006).
عریضی، حمیدرضا؛ ناصری، علی، و عسگری، آزاده (1389). نقش عاطفه مثبت در رابطه ميان عاطفه منفی با درد و استرس در زنان شاغل. مجله علمی ـ پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، 20، 63-55.
Akerboom, S., & Maes, S. (2006). Beyond demand and control: The contribution of organizational risk factors in assessing the psychological well-being of health care employees. Work and Stress, 20, 21-36.
Arbuckle, J. L. (2005). Amos 6.0 User’s Guide. Chicago: SPSS, Inc.
Argyle, M. (2001). The Psychology of Happiness. New York: Taylor & Francis.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588- 606.
Beham, B., Drobnic, S., & Präg, P. (2011). Work demands and resources and the work–family interface: Testing a salience model on German service sector employees. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 78, 110-122.
Benach, J., & Muntaner, C. (2007). Precarious employment and health: Developing a research agenda. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 61, 276-277.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606.
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen and J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp.136-162). Newby Park, CA: Sage.
Cascio, W. F. (1993). Downsizing: What do we know? What have we learned. Academy of Management Executive, 7, 95-104.
Casio, W. F., & Aguinis, H. (2005). Applied psychology in human resource management (sixth edition). NJ: Prentice Hall.
Chang, E. S., Chen, C., Greenberger, E., Dooley, D., & Heckhausen J. (2006). What do they want in life? The life goals of a multi-ethnic, multi-generational sample of highschool seniors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35, 321-332.
Clark, A., Knabe, A., & Rätzel, S. (2010). Boon or bane? Others' unemployment,
well-being and job insecurity. Labour Economics, 17, 52-61.
Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. (2003). Applied multiple regression correlation analysis for behavior sciences (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Cohen, P. (2007). Power analysis for behavioral sciences (fifth Ed). New York and Londin: Academic Press.
De Witte, H. (2005). Job insecurity: eview of the international literature on definitions, prevalence, antecedents and consequences: SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 31, 1-6.
Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2002). Subjective well-being: The
science of happiness and life satisfaction. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Ed.s), Handbook of positive psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Diener, E. D., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276-302.
Green, F. (2011). Unpacking the misery multiplier: How employability modifies the impacts of unemployment and job insecurity on life satisfaction and mental health. Journal of Health Economics, 30, 265-276.
Haase, C. M., Heckhausen, J., & Köller, O. (2011). Goal engagement during the school-to-work transition: Beneficial for all, particularly for girls. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 18, 671-698.
Haase, C.M., Heckhausen, J., Köller, O. (2009). Goal engagement in the school-to-work transition: Beneficial for all, particularly for girls. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 17, 671-698.
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the Job Diagnostic Survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 159-170.
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1980). Work redesign. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Heckhausen, J. (2000).Evolutionary perspectives on human motivation. American Behavioral Scientist, 43, 1015-1029.
Heckhausen, J., & Schulz, R. (1995). A life span theory of control. Psychological
Review, 102, 284-304.
Heckhausen, J. (1997). Developmental regulation across adulthood: Primary and secondary control of age-related challenges. Developmental Psychology, 33, 176-187.
Heckhausen, J. (1999). Developmental regulation in adulthood: Age-normative and sociostructural constraints as adaptive challenges. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Heckhausen, J., & Schulz, R. (1999). The primacy of primary control is a human universal: A reply to Gould`s (1999) critique of life-span theory of control. Psychological Review, 106, 605-609.
Karasek, R., Kawakami N., Brisson, C., Houtman, I. L. D., Bongers, P. M., & Amick, B. (1998). The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ): An instrument for internationally comparative assessments of psychosocial job characteristics, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 3, 322-355.
Kempen, G. I. J. M., Ranchor, A. V., Ormel, J., Van Sonderen, E., Van Jaarsveld, C. H. M., & Sanderman, R. (2005). Perceived control and long-term changes in disability in late middle-aged and older persons: An eight-year follow-up study. Psychology and Health, 20, 193-206.
Klehe, U. C., Zikic, J., Van Vianen, A. E. M. & De Pater, I. E. (2011). Career adaptability, turnover and loyalty during organizational downsizing. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79, 217-229.
Korner, A., Reitzle, M., & Silbereisen, R. K. (2011). Work-related demands and life satisfaction: The effects of engagement and disengagement among employed and long-term unemployed people. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80, 187-196.
Korner, A., Silbereisen, R. K., & Canter, U. (2012). Work-related demands emanating from social change and their relation to trait-like and occasion specific aspect of subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, 110, 326-337.
Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Pychology, 28, 563-575.
Parkes, R. (1990). Coping, negative affectivity, and the work environment; Additive and interactive predictors of mental health. The Journal of
Applied Psychology, 75, 399-409.
Pinquart, M., Silbereisen, R. K., & Körner, A. (2009). A perceived work-related demands associated with social change, control strategies, and psychological well-being. European Psychologist, 14, 207-209.
Pomaki, G., Karoly, P., & Maes, S. (2009).Linking goal progress to subjective well-being at work: The moderating role of goal-related self-efficacy and attainability. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14, 206-18.
Roeser, R. W., Strobel, K. R. & Quihuis, G. (2002). Studying early adolescents' academic motivation, social-emotional functioning, and engagement in learning: Variable- and person-centered approaches.
Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 15, 345-368.
Ron, P. (2008). Relations between work stressors and well-being among nursing assistants in nursing homes. Aging Clinical Experimental Research, 20, 359-67.
Ryan, M. R., & Deci, E. L. (2000).Self-determination theory and the facilitation intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.
Salmela-Aro, K., & Nurmi, J. E. (2004). Employees' motivational orientation and well-being at work: A person-oriented approach. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17, 471-489.
Schmits, L. (2006). A tool for cluster development: An Edmonton Manufacturing Cluster Development Case Study, 2nd edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Silbereisen, R. K., Pinquort, M., Reitzel, M., Tomasik, M. J., Fabel, K., & Grumer, S. (2006). Psychological resource and coping with change. Mitteilungendes SFB, 580, 1-27.
Souza, M. D, Mussap, A. J., & Cummins R. A. ( 2010).Primary and secondary control over eating behaviors. Eating Behaviors, 11, 223-230.
Spreitzer, G. M., & Mishra, A. K. (2002). To stay or to go: Voluntary survivor turnover following an organizational downsizing. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 707-729.
Tuominen-Soini, H., Salmela-Aro, K., & Niemivirta, M. (2008). Achievement goal orientations and subjective well-being: A person-
centred analysis. Learning and Instruction, 18, 251-266.
Van der Hulst, M., Van Veldhoven, M., & Beckers, D. (2006). Overtime and need for recovery in relation to job demands and job control. Journal of Occupational Health, 48, 11-19.
Vanroelen, C., Levecque, K., Moors, G., Gadeyne, S., & Louckx, F. (2009). The structuring of occupational stressors in a Post-Fordist work environment: Moving beyond traditional accounts of demand, control, and support. Social Science and Medicine, 68, 1082-1090.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS
scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.
Wrosch, C., Heckhausen, J. (1999). Control process before and after passing a developmental deadline: Activation and deactivation of intimate relationship goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 415-427.
Wrosch, C., Schulz, R., & Heckhausen, J. (2004). Health stresses and depressive symptomatology in the elderly: control-process approach. American Psychological Society, 13, 17-20.
Wrosch, C., Scheier, M. F., Miller, G. E., Schulz, R., & Carver, C. S. (2003). Adaptive self-regulation of unattainable goals: Goal disengagement, goal reengagement, and subjective well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 1494-1508.
Wrosch, C., Schulz, R., & Heckhausen, J. (2002). Health stresses and depressive symptomatology in the elderly: The importance of health engagement control strategies. Health Psychology, 21, 340-348.