غشاهای درون پلیمری برای استخراج فلزات خاکی نادر
محورهای موضوعی :
1 - گروه مهندسی شیمی و پلیمر، دانشکده فنی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران
کلید واژه: عناصر نادر خاکی, غشاهای مایع و غیر مایع, غشاء درون پلیمری, نفوذ پذیری, پایداری,
چکیده مقاله :
تقاضا برای عناصر نادر خاکی بهدلیل کاربردهای بالقوه صنعتی در کاتالیزورها، آهنرباها، آلیاژهای باتری، سرامیک بهطور قابلتوجهی افزایش یافته است. علاوه بر این، خواص شیمیایی و فیزیکی مشابه این عناصر باعث شده که جداسازی آنها دشوار باشد و پیشرفت در فرایند جداسازی این عناصر مزایای جهانی زیادی به همراه خواهد داشت. در میان روشهای بهبودیافته، روش غشا بهعنوان روشی پایدار با عملکرد آسان در جداسازی مورد توجه زیادی قرار گرفته است و غشاهای متعددی برای جداسازی طراحی شدهاند. غشاهای درونپلیمری نسل جدید غشای غیر مایع است که با روش ساده ریختهگری محلولی حاوی فازهای مایع (استخراجکننده، نرمکننده/ اصلاحکننده) و پلیمرهای پایه ساخته میشود. غشاهای درونپلیمری بهدلیل امکان استخراج و دفع همزمان، گزینشپذیری بالا، پایداری عالی، کاربرد ساده، هزینه نسبتاً کم و مصرف انرژی کم، مزایای زیادی دارند. بنابراین در این مطالعه مروری بر غشاهای درونپلیمری گزارششده در مطالعات تا به امروز ارائه میشود و عملکرد، نفوذپذیری و پایداری غشا با توجه به پلیمر پایه، استخراجکننده، نرمکننده و اصلاحکنندههای مورد استفاده بررسی میشود.
The demand for rare earth elements has increased significantly due to potential industrial applications such as catalysts, magnets, battery alloys, ceramics. However, the separation and recovery of rare earth metals are very difficult due to their similar chemical properties and ionic radius, so progress in the separation process of these elements will bring many global benefits. Among the improved methods, the membrane technique has received much attention as a stable method with easy operation in the separation of such metals, and several membranes have been designed for separation. This article provides a summary of the types of membranes in the separation of rare earth elements in terms of extraction performance, transfer efficiency, and membrane stability. Polymer inclusion membranes are a new generation of non-liquid membrane that is made by a simple method of casting a solution containing liquid phases (carrier, plasticizer /modifier) and base polymers. Polymer inclusion membranes due to the possibility of simultaneous extraction and back-extraction, high selectivity, excellent stability, reusability, simple applicability, relatively low cost, and low energy consumption, it provides a great advantage in both the separation and purification of metal ions. Therefore, in this study, an overview of the PIMs reported in the studies to date is presented and the performance, permeability and stability of the membrane are discussed according to the base polymer, carrier, plasticizer and modifiers used.
1. Liu T., Chen J., Extraction and Separation of Heavy Rare Earth Elements: A Review, Separation and Purification Technology, 276 ,119263, 2021.
2. Eljaddi T., Lebrun L., Hlaibi M., Review on Mechanism of Facilitated Transport on Liquid Membranes, Journal of Membrane Science and Research, 3, 199-208, 2017.
3. Chen L., Wu Y., Dong H., Meng M., Li C., Yan, Y. Chen, J., An Overview on Membrane Strategies for Rare Earths Extraction and Separation, Separation & Purification Technology, 197, 70-85, 2018.
4. Yan J., Pal R., Effects of Aqueous-phase Acidity and Salinity on Isotonic Swelling of W/O/W Emulsion Liquid Membranes Under Agitation Conditions, Journal of Membrane Science, 244, 193-203, 2004.
5. Wannachod P., Chaturabul S., Pancharoen U., Lothongkum A.W., Patthaveekongka W., The Effective Recovery of PraseoDymium from Mixed Rare Earths via a Hollow Fiber Supported Liquid Membrane and its Mass Transfer Related, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 509, 354-361, 2011.
6. Gu A.M., A New Liquid Membrane Technology-electrostatic Pseudo Liquid Membrane, Journal of Membrane Science, 52, 77-88, 1990.
7. Ines M., Almeida G.S., Cattrall R.W., Kolev S.D., Recent trends in Extraction and Transport of Metal Ions Using Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs), Journal of Membrane Science, 415-415, 9-23, 2012.
8. Keskin B., Yuksekdag A., Zeytuncu B., Koyuncu I., Development of Polymer Inclusion Membranes for Palladium Recovery: Effect of Base Polymer, Carriers, and Plasticizers on Structure and Performance, Journal of Water Process Engineering, 52, 103576, 2023.
9. Kaczorowska M.A., The Use of Polymer Inclusion Membranes for the Removal of Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions—The Latest Achievements and Potential Industrial Applications: A Review, Membranes, 12, 1135, 2022.
10. Paugam M.F. Buffle J., Comparison of Carrier-facilitated Copper(II) Ion Transport Mechanisms in a Supported Liquid Membrane and in a Plasticized Cellulose Triacetate Membrane, Journal of Membrane Science, 147, 207–215, 1998.
11. Riggs J.A., Smith B.D., "Facilitated Transport of Small Carbohydrates Through Plasticized Cellulose Triacetate Membranes, Evidence for Fixed-site Jumping Transport mechanism, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 119, 2765–2766, 1997.
12. White K.M., Smith B.D., Duggan P.J., Sheahan S.L., Tyndall E.M., Mechanism of Facilitated Saccharide Transport Through Plasticized Cellulose Triacetate Membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, 194, 165–175, 2001.
13. Fontas C., Tayeb R., Dhahbi M., Gaudichet E., Thominette F., Roy P., Steenkeste K., Fontaine-Aupart M.P., Tingry S., Tronel-Peyroz E., Seta P., Polymer Inclusion Membranes: the Concept of Fixed Sites Membrane Revised, Journal of Membrane Science, 290, 62-67, 2007.
14. Cussler E., Aris R., Bhown A., On the Limits of Facilitated Diffusion, Journal of Membrane Science, 43,149–164, 1989.
15. Noble R.D., Facilitated Transport Mechanism in Fixed Site Carrier Membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, 60, 297–306, 1991.
16. Nitti F., Selan O.T.E., Hoque B., Tambaru D., Cholid Djunaidi M., Improving the Performance of Polymer Inclusion Membranes in Separation Process Using Alternative Base Polymers: A Review, Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 22, 284-302, 2021.
17. Gardner J. S., Walker J.O., Lamb J. D., Permeability and Durability Effects of Cellulose Polymer Variation in Polymer Inclusion Membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, 229, 87–93, 2004.
18. Kunene P., Akinbami O., Motsoane N., Tutu H., Chimuka L., Richards H., Feasibility of Polysulfone as Base Polymer in a Polymer Inclusion Membrane: Synthesis and Characterisation, Journal of Membrane Science and Research, 6, 203–210, 2020.
19. Nielsen L.E., Cross-linking–effect on Physical Properties of Polymer, Journal of Macromolecular Science, 3, 69–103, 1969.
20. Keskin B., Zeytuncu-Gokoglu B., Koyuncu I., Polymer Inclusion Membrane Applications for Transport of Metal Ions: A Critical Review, Chemosphere., 279, 130604, 2021.
21. Rydberg J., Cox M., Musikas C., Choppin G.R., Solvent Extraction Principles and Practice, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 2004.
22. Nghiem L.D., Mornane P., Potter I.D., Perera J.M., Cattrall R.W., Kolev S.D., Extraction and Transport of Metal Ions and Small Organic Compounds Using Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs), Journal of Membrane Science, 287, 7–41, 2006.
23. Chen L., Dong H., Pan W., Dai J., Dai X., Pan J., Poly (Vinyl Alcohol-co-ethylene) (EVOH) Modified Polymer Inclusion Membrane in Heavy Rare Earths Separation with Advanced Hydrophilicity and Separation Property, Chemical Engineering Journa., 426, 131305-131316, 2021.
24. Wang L., Paimin R., Cattrall R.W., Wei S., Kolev S.D., The Extraction of Cadmium(II) and Copper(II) from Hydrochloric Acid Solutions Using an Aliquat 336/PVC Membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, 176, 105–111, 2000.
25. Sellami F., Kebiche-Senhadji O., Marais S.K., 1eva F., PVC/EVA-based Polymer Inclusion Membranes with Improved Stability and Cr(VI) Extraction Capacity: Water Plasticization Effect, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 436,129069-129087, 2022.
26. Huang S., Chen J., Zou D.A., Preliminary Study of Polymer Inclusion Membrane for Lutetium(III) Separation and Membrane Regeneration, Journal of Rare Earths, 39, 1256–1263, 2021.
27. Croft C.F., Almeida M.I.G.S., Cattrall R.W., Kolev S.D., Separation of Lanthanum(III), Gadolinium(III) and Ytterbium(III) from Sulfuric Acid Solutions by Using a Polymer Inclusion Membrane, Journal of Membrane Science, 545, 259–265, 2018.
28. Makowka A.B., Pospiech, Synthesis of Polymer Inclusion Membranes Based on Cellulose Triacetate for Recovery of Lanthanum (III) from Aqueous Solutions, Autex Research Journal, 19, 288–292, 2019.
29. Ansari S.A., Mohapatra P.K., Manchanda V.K., Cation Transport Across Plasticized Polymeric Membranes Containing N, N, N′, N′-tetraoctyl-3-oxapentanediamide (TODGA) as the Carrier, Desalination., 262, 196–201, 2010..