چهارچوب نیازهای تنظیم گری زمینه وند هوش مصنوعی

چکیده مقاله :

کاربرد گسترده هوش مصنوعی در حوزه‌هایی مانند وسایل نقلیه خودران، سلامت و تشخیص پزشکی، دستیاری پژوهش­گران با استفاده از مدل­های زبانی بزرگ، رباتیک و حوزه­های دفاعی، نشان­دهنده اهمیت روزافزون این فناوری در حوزه ­های عملکردی متنوع جوامع است. در این راستا صنایع و دولت‌ها در سراسر جهان با انگیز­ه­ هایی چون افزایش کارایی اقتصادی و کیفیت زندگی، رفع کمبود نیروی ­کار، مقابله با پیری جمعیت و تقویت قدرت دفاع ملی، علاقه‌مند به کسب منافع بالقوه ناشی از هوش مصنوعی هستند و توسعه و استقرار این فناوری را به طرق گوناگون اعم از سیات­گذاری و تنظیم­گری توسعه ­محور، در حوزه‌های مختلف تسریع کرده‌اند. در کنار کاربردها و مزایای غیرقابل­ انکار این فناوری، پیامدهای غیرمنتظره و ناخواسته ­ای نیز ایجاد می ­شود که نگرانی‌ها و دغدغه ­هایی را بوجود آورده است. اگر چه ادبیات قابل­ توجهی در خصوص ابعاد حکمرانی و تنظیم­گری هوش مصنوعی توسعه یافته، لیکن تنظیم­ گری زمینه­ وند (مبتنی بر بافتار) هوش مصنوعی، تا حدود زیادی مغفول مانده است. منظور از تنظیم­گری زمینه­ وند در این پژوهش احصاء نیازهای تنظیم ­گری از دید دامنه­ های عملکردی متمایز است که در هر دامنه انتظارات، الزامات، ذی­نفعان، اقدامات و بطور عام گفتمان حاکم برآن متفاوت از دامنه ­های دیگر است. پژوهش حاضر این دامنه ­ها را در براساس الگوی PEST برگزید و مصادیق تنظیم­ گری مبتنی بر بافتار را در ابعاد محوری تنظیم­ گری هوش مصنوعی مشتمل بر پاسخگویی، ایمنی و امنیت، حریم خصوصی، شفافیت، توضیح ­پذیری، انصاف و عدم ­تبعیض، کنترل انسانی فناوری، مسئولیت حرفه ­ای و ارتقاء ارزش­های انسانی، در هر یک از دامنه ­های الگوی مذکور شامل دامنه سیاسی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فناورانه  مورد واکاوی قرارداده و براساس آن نیازهای تنظیم ­گری را ارائه کرده است.

چکیده انگلیسی :

The widespread use of artificial intelligence in areas such as autonomous vehicles, health and medical diagnosis, assisting researchers using large language models, robotics and defense fields indicates the increasing importance of this technology in various functional areas. In this regard, industries and governments around the world, with incentives such as increasing economic efficiency and quality of life, eliminating labor shortages, dealing with population aging and strengthening national defense power, are interested in obtaining the potential benefits of artificial intelligence and have accelerated the development and deployment of this technology in various fields through various means, including development-oriented policymaking and regulation. Along with the undeniable applications and benefits of this technology, unintended consequences are also created that have raised concerns. Although a significant literature has been developed on the governance and regulation dimensions of artificial intelligence, the context-based regulation of artificial intelligence has been largely neglected. Contextual regulation in this study refers to the analysis of regulatory needs from the perspective of distinct functional domains, each of which has different expectations, requirements, stakeholders, actions, and generally the discourse governing it. The present study selected these domains based on the PEST model and analyzed examples of context-based regulation in the core dimensions of AI regulation, including accountability, safety and security, privacy, transparency, explainability, fairness and non-discrimination, human control of technology, professional responsibility, and promotion of human values, in each of the domains of the aforementioned model, including the political, economic, social, and technological domains, and presented regulatory needs based on that.

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